Organization and Integration of the Endocrine System.

نویسنده

  • George P Chrousos
چکیده

Cells communicate with each other through molecular messengers, the hormones. The simple definition of a hormone as an intercellular messenger is much more inclusive than the original one, which limited the hormones to substances produced by specialized multicellular organs —the glands—that circulated in blood and acted on distant target organs. This simplification allowed single cells to be considered glands or targets of hormones, or both, and eliminated blood circulation as a prerequisite. The concept of endocrine function thus was expanded to paracrine, autocrine, juxtacrine, and intracrine functions, whereas the classic endocrine system, which included the traditional endocrine axes, was expanded to every organ and cell in the body that produced and responded to hormones.

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Sleep medicine clinics

دوره 2 2  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2007